Publication Ethics

This journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and integrity. The journal strictly adheres to the principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and follows internationally recognized guidelines for scholarly publishing. All parties involved in the publication process including authors, editors, reviewers, and publishers are expected to comply with these ethical standards.

  1. Duties of Authors

Authors must ensure that:

  • Manuscripts are original, have not been published previously, and are not under consideration elsewhere.
  • All data, results, and findings are presented accurately, transparently, and without fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation.
  • Proper acknowledgment and citation of all sources and prior works are provided.
  • All listed authors have made significant intellectual contributions to the research and approve the final version of the manuscript.
  • Authorship changes after submission are not permitted without written consent from all authors and approval from the editor.
  • Any potential conflict of interest, financial or otherwise, is fully disclosed.
  • Research involving humans or animals complies with relevant ethical standards and has obtained appropriate ethical approval.
  • The use of generative AI tools is transparently declared, and authors remain fully responsible for the content.

 

  1. Duties of Editors

Editors are responsible for:

  • Ensuring a fair, unbiased, and confidential double-blind peer-review process.
  • Evaluating manuscripts solely based on academic merit, originality, clarity, and relevance to the journal scope.
  • Making publication decisions independently, without discrimination based on race, gender, nationality, institutional affiliation, or personal relationships.
  • Maintaining confidentiality of submitted manuscripts at all stages of review.
  • Avoiding conflicts of interest in editorial handling and decision-making.
  • Taking appropriate action in cases of suspected ethical misconduct, including consultation with COPE guidelines when necessary.

 

  1. Duties of Reviewers

Reviewers are expected to:

  • Provide objective, constructive, and timely peer-review reports aimed at improving manuscript quality.
  • Maintain strict confidentiality regarding the manuscripts under review.
  • Declare any conflict of interest and decline review when necessary.
  • Identify relevant published works that have not been cited by the authors.
  • Report any suspected ethical issues, including plagiarism, data manipulation, or redundant publication.
  • Refrain from using any part of the manuscript for personal advantage or research.

 

  1. Plagiarism and Academic Misconduct

All submitted manuscripts are screened using plagiarism detection software. The journal applies a strict zero-tolerance policy toward:

  • Plagiarism in any form, including self-plagiarism
  • Data fabrication or falsification
  • Duplicate or redundant publication
  • Improper citation practices

Manuscripts found to violate these principles will be rejected immediately or retracted if already published.

 

  1. Peer Review Integrity

This journal applies a double-blind peer-review system to ensure fairness and academic integrity. The identities of authors and reviewers remain strictly confidential. The review process is designed to be independent, transparent, and free from bias or external influence.

 

  1. Ethical Oversight and Misconduct Handling

The Editorial Board reserves the right to investigate any ethical concerns at any stage of the submission, review, or post-publication process. Allegations of misconduct will be handled in accordance with COPE flowcharts and international best practices. Actions may include correction, rejection, or retraction of published articles.

 

  1. Retraction and Correction Policy

Published articles may be retracted or corrected under the following conditions:

  • Confirmation of ethical violations or research misconduct
  • Discovery of plagiarism or duplicate publication
  • Evidence of unreliable or compromised data
  • Honest errors that significantly affect the validity of findings

Retraction notices will remain publicly accessible and clearly linked to the original article to ensure transparency and academic record integrity